participle / participial phrase
The -ing or -ed form used as a modifier, and the phrase built on it.
A participle is a verb form used as a modifier: the rusted lock, the waiting clerk. A participial phrase is that form plus its objects or modifiers: rusted shut from the rain. Put the phrase next to the word it belongs to. See also dangling modifier and misplaced modifier.
Examples
UseWorn thin, the belt slipped.
UseThe driver waiting at the gate waved.